Python is a programming language common in the data science space. Here is a list of gotchas that I have encountered while using it, coming from a Java world.

• Typesafety is complex. Static checkers are okay, but the runtime type system is pretty weak. There is no equivalent of type capture in Java (e.g. static <T> List<T> makeList(T item) {…}

• `isinstance()` throws if the second arg is a generic type. For example isinstance(var, dict[str, Any]). This is annoying because you only find out at runtime that it's broken.