Python is a programming language common in the data science space. Here is a list of gotchas that I have encountered while using it, coming from a Java world.

Static checkers are okay, but the runtime type system is pretty weak. There is no equivalent of type capture in Java (e.g. static <T> List<T> makeList(T item) {…}

throws if the second arg is a generic type. For example isinstance(var, dict[str, Any]). This is annoying because you only find out at runtime that it's broken.

Trying to implement Java's ThreadPoolExecutor needs more diverse Queue implementations.

• queue.Queue throws exceptions when the queue is empty, rather than returning None
• queue.Queue calls can't be interrupted.
• No way to have a handoff, similar to SynchronousQueue in Java. This class is the key to a cached ThreadPoolExecutor.
• queue.SimpleQueue timeout doesn't work. The task-tracking part of Queue and the timeout handling come as a package deal, meaning you get both or neither.